Postage Stamps as witness of Bhutan history
Bhutan is a tiny and remote kingdom nestling in the Himalayas between its powerful neighbours, India and China. Almost completely cut off for centuries, it has tried to let in some aspects of the outside world while fiercely guarding its ancient traditions.
The Bhutanese name for Bhutan, Druk Yul, means “Land of the Thunder Dragon” and it only began to open up to outsiders in the 1970s. The Wangchuck hereditary monarchy has wielded power since 1907. But Bhutan became a two-party parliamentary democracy after elections in March 2008.
Some key dates in the history of Bhutan:
- 1720 – Chinese imperial army invades and temporarily establishes control over Bhutan.
- 1772-73 – British intervention.
- 1864-65 – Further intervention by Britain.
- 1907 – Ugyen Wangchuck is chosen as hereditary ruler.
- 1910 – Treaty giving Britain control over foreign relations.
- 1949 – Treaty signed with newly-independent India guaranteeing non-interference in Bhutan’s internal affairs, but allowing Delhi influence over foreign relations.
- 1958 – Slavery abolished.
- 1974 – First foreign tourists allowed in.
- 1988 – Census leads to branding of many ethnic Nepalis as illegal immigrants. Government also introduces other measures to stress Tibetan-based Bhutanese culture, antagonising minority ethnic Nepali community.
- 1990 – Violent ethnic unrest and anti-government protests in southern Bhutan pressing for greater democracy and respect for Nepali rights. Thousands of ethnic Nepalis flee to Nepal.
- 1998 – King cedes some powers to national assembly.
- 1999 – Limited television and internet services allowed; several dozen political prisoners released.
- 2007 – Bhutan signs a landmark agreement with India which revises ties with its neighbour, giving Bhutan more say over its foreign and defence policies.
- 2013 – Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay says Bhutan’s much lauded concept of Gross National Happiness is overused and masks real problems such as increasing debt, chronic unemployment, poverty and corruption.
